Vertigo – What It Is and Why It Happens

Vertigo feels like the room is spinning, not you. It’s a type of dizziness that comes from the inner ear or brain pathways that tell your body where it’s upright. Most people first notice a sudden whirl when they tilt their head, roll over in bed, or stand up too fast.

The most common cause is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Tiny calcium crystals drift into the ear’s balance canals and send mixed signals. Other triggers include inner‑ear infections, migraine attacks, low blood pressure, and even head injuries. If you’ve ever felt a brief, intense spin after a flu, you’ve probably had BPPV.

Knowing the cause matters because it guides the fix. Some cases fade on their own, while others need a simple repositioning trick or a short course of medication. The good news? Most vertigo episodes are not dangerous, but they can knock you off your feet and make everyday tasks feel risky.

Quick Ways to Ease Vertigo at Home

Before you call a doctor, try these steps. First, the Epley maneuver: sit upright, roll your head back, then tilt it in a series of positions to move the crystals out of the canal. A quick YouTube video can show you the exact angles.

Stay hydrated. Dehydration lowers blood pressure, which can worsen dizziness. Aim for at least eight glasses of water a day, especially if you’re taking diuretics or have been ill.

Avoid sudden head movements. When you get out of bed, sit up slowly, pause for a few seconds, then stand. This gives your brain time to recalibrate.

If the spin persists, over‑the‑counter antihistamines like meclizine can calm the inner‑ear signals. Use them only as directed and talk to a pharmacist if you’re on other meds.

When to See a Doctor

Call a healthcare professional if the vertigo lasts more than a week, comes with hearing loss, severe headache, or vision changes. Those symptoms could signal a stroke, tumor, or serious infection.

A doctor may order a Dix‑Hallpike test to confirm BPPV or order imaging to rule out other brain issues. In some cases, vestibular rehabilitation therapy—guided exercises to improve balance—will be recommended.

Remember, vertigo isn’t just an annoying spin; it can affect your confidence and safety. By spotting the cause early, using home tricks, and knowing when to get medical help, you can get back to steady footing faster.