Newborn Infections: What Every Parent Should Know

Bringing a baby home is exciting, but it also means staying on guard for infections that can sneak in early. Newborns have tiny immune systems, so even a mild‑looking rash or fever can turn serious fast. This guide breaks down the most common infections, the warning signs you shouldn’t ignore, and practical steps to keep your little one safe.

Common Types of Newborn Infections

1. Neonatal sepsis – a bloodstream infection that often starts with a fever, lethargy, or trouble feeding. It can be caused by bacteria passed from mom during delivery or picked up from the hospital environment.

2. Skin infections – such as impetigo or cellulitis. Look for red, itchy patches that spread quickly, sometimes with yellow crusts.

3. Respiratory infections – including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Babies may breathe faster, have a persistent cough, or show grunting sounds.

4. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) – often present as a fever without any obvious source, or as foul‑smelling urine.

5. Viral infections – like RSV or the flu. Symptoms overlap with bacterial infections, but viral illnesses usually come with a runny nose, watery eyes, and low‑grade fever.

When to Call a Doctor

If your newborn shows any of these signs, call a pediatrician right away:

• Fever above 100.4°F (38°C) in a baby under three months.
• Persistent crying that can’t be soothed.
• Vomiting or refusing to feed.
• Rapid breathing (more than 60 breaths per minute) or chest retractions.
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) that worsens after the first week.
• Unusual rash, especially if it spreads fast or is accompanied by fever.

Don’t wait for the symptoms to “get worse.” Newborns can deteriorate quickly, and early treatment often means a shorter hospital stay.

For milder concerns—like a small diaper rash or a brief low‑grade fever—still monitor closely. Keep a temperature log, make sure your baby stays hydrated, and note any changes in behavior. If anything feels off, trust your gut and call the clinic.

Preventing infections starts at home. Wash your hands thoroughly before handling the baby, keep visitors sick‑free, and ensure all household surfaces are clean. Follow your doctor’s vaccination schedule—especially for hepatitis B, rotavirus, and the newborn’s first dose of DTaP and Hib. These shots protect against some of the most dangerous bacterial infections.

Lastly, remember that not every cough or rash means a serious infection. Babies are prone to minor skin irritations and viral colds that pass with minimal care. Knowing the difference helps you stay calm and act fast when it truly matters.

Keep this guide handy, track any symptoms, and reach out to health professionals without hesitation. Your baby’s health is worth every minute of attention.